ثورة في تطوير الخط الرقمي في المملكة العربية السعودية

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    ظل تطويع الحرف العربي الى تكنولوجيا الطباعة تحدياً بالنسبة للأعمال الطباعية الأولى في العالم العربي ومنذ القرن الثامن عشر. ومع التطوارت العديدة لاستعمال الحرف العربي في الحواسيب في سنة 1980 ظل المهتمون بالخط العربي يتطلعون الى ما  ينقل هذا التطبيق الى مستوى أعلى وأفضل.

    وفي مقابلة مع موقع أخبار العرب قال فهد الراشد الشريك المؤسس لمنصة كليم: “أن التكنولوجيا الحالية بنيت أصلاً لاستخدامات الخط اللاتيني. ثم تم إضافة اللغات الأخرى ومن بينها اللغة العربية نتيجة لتأثيرات العولمة. وكان الخط  العربي من بين خطوط اللغات التي خسرت الكثير من جمالياتها نتيجة لاحتوائها في تطبيقات الخطوط الرقمية الحديثة.

    وأصل المشكلة في تطويع الخط العربي للحواسيب يكمن في الحاجة الى تبسيط الخط العربي الذي يتميز باتصال حروفه على خلاف حروف الخط اللاتيني. ولحل هذه المشكلة لجأ البعض الى تقطيع حروف الخط العربي على غرار الخط اللاتيني.

    ولا يرى فهد الراشد حاجة الى هذا التبسيط الآن خاصة مع تطور التكنولجيا الحديثة الى الحد الذي يمكن فيه استيعاب احتياجات الخطوط العربية وغيرها. ويعتقد فهد الراشد بأنه قد حان الوقت لحل جذري وذلك من خلال إنشاء تكنولوجيا جديدة لرقمنة الخط العربي مع الإحتفاظ بأصالته وجماله. ولأجل تحقيق ذلك الهدف قام بإنشاء منصة كليم بالتشارك مع عبدالعزيز الشارخ.

    وتهدف منصة كليم الى تحقيق تحول كامل في استخدام الخط العربي على الحواسيب باستخدام تكنولوجيا سعودية تتيح للمستخدم إنتاج الأعمال الفنية والخطية المنفذة وفق الأسس الجمالية الأصيلة للخط العربي. وتعتمد المنصة على تكنولجيا خط رقمي تحاكي بمرونة عمل الخطاط الماهر الذي يخط بيده على الورق. كما تتيح المنصة إمكانية تشكيل الخط بسهولة بما يوفر إمكانية إنتاج الأعمال الخطية الأصيلة وبسرعة تفوق ما يمكن إنتاجه بالخط اليدوي.

    وقد استغرق تطوير منصة كليم أربعة سنوات حيث تم إطلاقها في اكتوبر سنة 2019. إلا أن تاريخ هذه المنصة الإبداعية يرجع الى سنة 2000 حينما حصل فهد الراشد على شهادة في علوم الحاسبات من جامعة الملك الفهد للبترول والمعادن في الظهران. ويقول فهد الراشد في هذا الشأن: “إطلعت في ذلك الوقت على أعمال دونالد كنوث الأستاذ في جامعة ستانفورد والذي كان الرائد في علوم الحاسبات في مجال الخوارزميات وكان يولي اهتماماً كبيراً للخطوط التي كانت تستخدم في طباعة أبحاثه. وقد اضطر الى ترك عمله لفترة لمعالجة مشكلة تدني المستوى الطباعي على إثر تخلي شركة مونوتايب عن الأساليب الطباعية القديمة والمحببه له بأساليب أحدث في الستينات من القرن الماضي. فأخذ على عاتقه تصميم نظامه الطباعي الخاص والذي أحدث فيما بعد تأثيرات مهمة في إنشاء نظام الخطوط في الحواسيب الحديثة”.

    وقد تأثر فهد الراشد بهذه السيرة وأصبح يفكر بأسباب عدم مبادرة أحد لتطوير تكنولوجيا مماثلة مكرسة للخط العربي. ويقول فهد الراشدفي هذا الشأن: “في ذلك الوقت كان عدد الخطوط معدودة على كل من منصتي الويندوز والآبل وكانت خطوطاً قبيحة. ولم أتقبل الفرق الهائل بين مستوى هذه الخطوط ومستوى الخط اليدوي الذي كان يكتب به القرآن الكريم”. وبسبب هذا أنشأنا منصة كليم لمعالجة هذا النقص المتعلق بتطبيق الخط العربي على الحواسيب.

    وقد حصل فهد الراشد فيما بعد على شهادة الماجستير في هندسة الحاسبات والذكاء الصناعي من جامعة أدنبرة في إسكوتلندا. وركز في أطروحته على طريقة جديدة لتوصيف الخط العربي والتي مهدت الطريق لبناء التكنولوجيا التي استخدمت في منصة كليم. كما استطاع الحصول على شهادة الدكتوراة في الرياضيات التطبيقية من جامعة تكساس أي أند أم في الولايات المتحدة الإمريكية.

    ويقول فهد الراشد: “لقد حان الوقت للإنتقال الى مستوى متقدم. ولا أقول خطوة بل أقول مواجهة كاملة للتحدي والإرتقاء الى مستوى جديد بالمرة وذلك من خلال خلق تكنولوجيا عربية جديدة تعوض عن الإستمرار في منهج محاولة تكييف الخط العربي مع نظام لم ينشأ أساساً لاستيعابه.

    ومنصة كليم موجهة أساساً الى مستخدمي الخط العربي كالخطاطين والفنانين واستدويوهات التصميم والشركات الإعلانية. ويقول فهد الراشد في هذا الصدد: “تعين التكنولوجيا التي استحدثناها كل من يريد إنتاج الأعمال الخطاطية العربية أو بطاقات الدعوة أو شعاراً أو ما يشبه ذلك وبأقل قدر من الجهد مع إمكانية تحقيق أفضل النتائج”.

    ومنصة كليم مقامة على شبكة المعلومات الدولية ويمكن الوصول إليها من أي مكان. ويحتفظ كليم بنسخة محدثة من أعمال المشتركين على المنصة ذاتها حيث يمكن العودة الى آخر  مرحلة في مشاريعهم مع إمكانية إشتراك فريق من المصممين في العمل وكل من موقعه. ويمكن تجربة منصة كليم مجاناً وعمل ثلاثة مشاريع على الرابط: https://kaleam.com. ولا يتطلب إستخدام المنصة أي تثبيت على الجهاز حيث تعمل المنصة على حواسيب الويندوز والآبل من خلال متصفحات كروم وسفاراي. وقد صممت المنصة لاستخدام الخطوط العربية دون الحاجة الى أي خطوط طباعية سواء كانت خطوط تروتايب أو أوبنتايب. كما يستطيع المستخدمون تصدير مشاريعهم بصيغ  يمكن إستخدامها في تطبيقات عديدة تشمل الطباعة المجسمة وطابعات الليزر. وتوفر منصة كليم خط الثلث حالياً وسيتم إضافة خطوط النسخ والديواني قريباً.

    ويضيف فهد الراشد أن رحلة بناء منصة كليم لم تكن سهلة حيث يقول: “مرت بنا فترة إحباط حيث شعرنا بعدم وجود إدراك عام لأهمية الخدمة التي نقدمها”. كما أضاف: “لربما يبدو البرنامج سهل الإستخدام إلا أنه استغرق فترة طويلة لنصل الى ما وصلنا إليه اليوم. وخلال تلك المسيرة مرت بنا أوقات كنت أوشك فيها على تسليم المشروع الى أي شخص آخر ليقوم بتطويره بأي شكل يناسبه، إلا أن ذلك لم يحدث”.

    ويؤكد فهد الراشد بأن تغيير مفاهيم الناس حول التكنولوجيا السائدة ليس بالأمر الميسور. وتأتي الرعاية المؤسسية كعامل مهم في نشر الوعي في المجالات الفنية والثقافية. وقد كان لإعلان 2020 سنة الخط العربي ثم إنشاء مركز الأمير محمد بن سلمان العالمي للخط العربي تأثيراً كبيراً في تحسين الوضع في هذا المجال وعبر كل المملكة.

    وأكد فهد الراشد أن منصة كليم لها إمكانية عالية في التطور باتجاه إستخدامات عديدة تشمل التعليم والتدريب في مجال الخط العربي. كما يمكن تطبيقها في مجال علم الروبوتات ومجال الإبداع الفني والبرامج التعليمية. إضافة الى ذلك فإننا في منصة كليم مهتمون في عمل ذراع آلي وقلم رقمي إلكتروني للخط العربي. وختم فهد الراشد القول بأنه بالرغم من كل التحديات فإن منصة كليم تتوسع خارج حدود المملكة العربية السعودية الى بلدان عديدة مثل تركيا ومصر وإيران والإمارات وعمان والعراق، بل وحتى أوروبا والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

    مقال عرب نيوز – ترجمة: خالد محمد (KhalidTypeDesign@)

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